lecture Ute Blaschke-Berthold
Topic: 'setting limits'
07.01.2011 in Gelsenkirchen
Organizer: Paws Academy
The first event in the new year on a topic in the the dog scene in recent times by many coaches is often discussed, "set limits".
Consider, for example, to the last published book by Michael Grewe / Inez Meyer dogs need clear boundaries "or you must attend only events corresponding trainer, then you hear it again and again and again (see other paper reports here, for example by Lübbe -Scheuermann Fichera Meier, and others).
happy while the supposed contrast is set up: work on positive reinforcement vs.. Work on the pretext or compliance with rules / setting of boundaries. This is of course nonsense, because it is neither a pair of opposites is, without more positive working coaches on rules or boundaries would, but the polarization in the public view can at least in the uncritical consumers give the impression that this was not the case and the own "limits-setting" approach, the more promising and better training method. There is simply nothing like a good marketing. ;)
Ute justified it their choice of subject, because this black and white painting should be broken up. Actually, was "set limits" for them not an issue, because even though rules play an important role in the coexistence of course, it is happening is that these lined up in the principle itself. For rules governing individual needs in a group, the meeting and living together. Here, the rules are almost saying discussions are not necessary - is debatable at best have to be established to what extent rules and how the most sense.
"set limits" on dog owners but often mean something else. It is a frequently used phrase in expressions like: "You can not let the dog but to go through," "Now's enough!", "I'm patient, but ...". The attitude of the speaker is a clearly exasperated, frustrated and possibly not rare is the appropriate action, which follows this statement, an appropriate, pursuant to the pent-up anger then it is not uncommon to excessive reactions. These dog owners might relieve themselves if they would consider previously what do they expect really from her dog, what should he do not what to do instead - in other words, if they approach tactically to the dog training and training time by conduct. Rules are always in conflict: they must be positioned so that they appear to the opposite sense and can be met within their "borders" individual needs yet - this is not the case, which is opposite to try to subvert the rules or at all not accept. In the dog is here aggravated to the fact that instinctual behavior (eg, hunting) can appear to him things useful to man but are perceived as highly undesirable. After Utes experience and share the most dog owners take their dogs too much - as claimed by other trainers - too few boundaries.
In the scientific literature, the issue largely unlit, well, there are numerous guide literature on the subject that relates to various interpersonal areas (Eltern/Kind-; pair, work relationships). One common feature of the works is that turn out all that boundaries can only be set in an area that is opposite from voluntarily controlled! That is, if the comparison feels like fear, it can not willfully control his body's response - here also "set limits" does not make sense! If the dog shows only aufmerksamkeitsheischendes behavior, but then you can certainly draw the line.
limits governing the behavior that is in principle possible in a relationship. This opens up a lot of leeway for individual differences in tolerance and sensitivity are distinct - one does not mind that the dog sleeps in the bed, the other may not even want him in the bedroom.
There are different ways in the experience of limits, we can set other limits (so we have surprisingly;) the fewest problems), we can experience their own limits and respect the boundaries of others.
The dog we set limits, such as when he defends his bones against us (or other ressourcenverteidigendes Behavior shows). Many dog owners feel it in their power threatened claim against the dog and it comes to the above statements with the desire for an intense reaction. A strategy would, however, the border that has drawn the dog, first to accept and join a training course.
is often expressed by appropriate page Trainer: "Borders create space" - that is so vague terms. The truth is that boundaries create spaces for which it sets. They create for the one who gets set, but "free space" then refers only to the impunity that he finds out if he stays within the limits. It is therefore not necessarily freedom achieved in relation to the satisfaction of needs. This is very important - she can not stay on the track.
set boundaries in the human-dog relationship
boundaries in the human-dog relationship are not rigidly set, often make an eg the environment is a spanner in the works. Ute used the example of one on the chair sitting Linux - that he should not at Ute, in Christmas visit to her parents, but a snapshot in the pose was possible because a short absence of Ute was used to lure the dog on the chair ...;) : D This somewhat unusual situation can be transferred to dozens of other everyday, every fall now certainly a lot of events of the last few laps and walk the dog walks.
If you set limits to the dog, you should consider some things: Never
should be addressed to the animal. If you want to show the dog once, where "the rubber meets the road," said building is nothing more than a confrontation in the relationship that will lead to further negative consequences certainly undesirable nature itself.
One should rather put a code under which the linguistic image of the frame meets. Within certain specified external "bars" you work on the behavior. This also means that one should strive to achieve a change in behavior. All this also moves within the limits;) theory of learning.
set limits thus is nothing special, behavior is limited - every day, in many situations. This can happen intentionally: you change the situation (in which the undesirable behavior occurs), and changing the consequences (if it occurs), is interrupted, hindered or blocked behavior, -, or unknowingly, or caused by the environment. All this is ultimately nothing more than learning!
"set limits" as it is understood, however, many coaches just another phrase for Behavioral inhibition (= punishment!). The question of why the child then does not mention by name, can anyone answer for themselves.
"punishment" in terms of learning theory is value-neutral - you have to know however how to properly make is required, because a poorly used and applied punishment achieved the opposite of what it seeks: namely, more aggressiveness, respectively. Hyperactivity in dogs.
Here there also not inconsistent with the reward or to work with positive reinforcement. To make it clear with an example: The dog owner wants their dog the reward, polite 'from the hand, and present in hand bites or snaps greedy. In consequence, the reward will not be released if the dog does not show the desired behavior. This is just one of a variety of learning situations for the dog to realize his behavior is limited by the keeper.
"set limits" is also often equated with say no, that is, the dog experiences a limitation that it is necessarily frustrating. (If it does not, the limit was unnecessary, because the dog felt it did not say those.) Ability to deal with frustration, is individually very different. Stressed by frustration. Tends to show many frustrated dog aggressive, fidgety behavior, which can lead to more behavior problems. If we limit it wrong or awkward, they can quickly that improve the behavior problems, but rather reinforce and you suddenly "new construction" has.
boundaries must therefore be placed very cleverly and it requires a detailed analysis of the current state of the dog-human relationship, before you even make a start. The following questions should be answered such as: How long the dog can move freely? How long it runs on a leash? How often is it sent in its place? How long is he there? How often or how long he must stay in a box? Just restrictions on movement are often experienced as extremely frustrating. Some "problem behavior" (such as rapid and frequent barking, aggression) is the result of excessive restriction - that's not so easy to live together, but creates just the opposite. Precisely for this reason should the dog owner is always a critical review: the limits are really necessary?
"No" is, ultimately, quickly said and comfortable for the operator: It calls attention to errors.
Ute has something very important addressed, because we are in fact a total of all - know it is not just the human-dog relationship, but we all out of school and, ultimately, from a wide range of professional life - living in a culture of mistakes. This means that we are all from small confronted with what we are doing wrong and thus kept constantly in mind to get what we can not or do not do well. Much less is said, what has he done well, or well can. In all evaluations from the school as the great evil is painted red in the foreground. Correct on the other hand, is often passed over quickly, it is taken for granted. We seem to do much to internalize and even now it no better.
That changes, however, necessarily the one accessible to assess the relationship, which gives me this error (ie, negative) feedback. Also, the more everyone knows from school. ;) The dog is ultimately no different when he gets constantly said is what he is doing wrong.
why you should also check the state of things in the human-dog relationship: What is the ratio of Yes to No! How many times a day to praise the dog, it was confirmed, how often do you say "No" or prohibits a thing? - Here, the run on a tally sheet, as your own perception is often wrong. If you say too often "no", then this leads to frustration (see above) or for cross-checking (ie to avoid an attempt to limit). The dog does so unwittingly, he just wants to satisfy his need. A dog is more motivated to do something, the harder the setting of limits in this area. (The vulture-hunting owners now particularly sympathetic nod ...;)).
A "no" also has other negative aspects: It is often destructive, that is disassembled, but built on nothing new, not motivated to tackle other. It is easy to say, but not easily done well. A "no" permanent and persevere in all situations is difficult, but essential - because a limit set must be preserved and protected, otherwise the dog is insecure. And an insecure dog again shows behavior that is undesirable ...
So get across borders, think good, do the translation well and always keep in mind that securing the borders is very tiring for the operator - in consequence of which they should use very sparingly!
unwanted dog behavior can be divided into different categories to which they may react differently:
- Does the behavior sometimes, it is a behavioral disruption is the best way of reaction. Ute used the example of from kissing dogs;) the tying of the shoes. In this case, they sent the dogs into the "place". Kissing is still allowed in principle but ...;)
And that's it. Such short term limits may threaten never scare, frighten or even hurt. The dog then knows not where he stands. The man is unpredictable in its perception.
- Is the behavior disturbing principle, then a behavioral inhibition is indicated. This must not be excessive so that the dog understands. Just body language can be communicated much (distance below). It is important that you give an audible signal that announces that you respond equally distressing for the dog, so that he still has a chance to react accordingly different, and possibly even the behavior to stop.
- Is this behavior dangerous to dog or human, then for the first time management is the best choice - that is, The shown behavior should be made impossible (such as a leash).
Regardless of what is a behavior of the three categories: Dogs can not understand it when they are punished for a behavior shown once and it may take place with impunity for another time. This leads to a deep insecurity of the dog. And about the difficulties involved in the consistent punishment for the people with it, we have above mentioned. So you should set priorities when drawing the boundaries, what are really important - what less? It is also essential to establish desired behavior.
Ute brought in following an example of unwanted hazardous behavior consulting practice:
There are touch-sensitive dogs who like to be near the people who can not, however, like to tackle and in the cases in which the inadvertent or aware happens snapping bite. They are often described as "wrong", but this is a totally inaccurate representation. And the dog is now close to the bed or he sleeps in front of the bedroom door, so it can happen that people unwittingly triggers the behavior, because it touches on the sofa or dark the dog. Will you now dogs and owners in their needs, then provides a management solution. The dog may not (more) sleeping in bed, but is sent to a place where he can not be touched by accident: the bedroom is a box in which the dog in the future (after appropriate box training course!) Can sleep . For security to ensure the people, but also the need of the dog in the vicinity of man to be satisfied.
The smartest way to "No", is the formation of habits. Ute has avoided the word, but: Rituals are important ...;) This requires that you think ahead and react in the appropriate situation persisted. Examples of waiting at doors or begging at the table - if the dogs are always sent back to her place (or what is required according to the situation), they will at some point the conduct shows by themselves once they get into a situation .
temporary and permanent borders
A further distinction, which you can carry depends on the duration the boundaries together. Temporary borders occur in situations where a behavior is currently undesirable (but not general). Examples include the inappropriate application game: the dew flies on the thigh, but the speech report is not yet finished writing. :) Or you're on a walk round in time trouble and needs to hurry up accordingly so that extensive snooping or contact with other dogs is not now possible. Here it is appropriate to interrupt the behavior in the short term. This is best done by raising alternative behaviors, such as send to the square, signal for termination of the interaction, stop signal, etc.
permanent borders, it is best with the help of management actions. This is considered by some people as a "damning indictment" understood, because they think with their person but to the dog "enforce" need to. Ute has not discussed further, but made clear that this is NOT the case. Ultimately, I believe such people is a misunderstanding based on the human-dog relationship, so that really does not have the prerequisite.
permanent borders can also be achieved through the development of habits (see above), or through behavioral inhibition, that is punishment. It is important to know that you can inhibit learned behavior through punishment, instinctive, however, only very difficult. aggression, anxiety and hunting behaviors are therefore either not or only very unreliable inhibit about punishment.
implementation of punishment
When carrying out punitive actions, then you should follow the rules of punishing (Lerntheorie!), observe the behavior of the dog and always respond immediately. Border violations should not be allowed. The alternative behavior should be brought to perfection.
accept limits
A dog will accept a limit much more quickly if he is offered a satisfactory alternative. When one knows the owners of hunting vultures - is the dog initially on a leash and is satisfied with the waiting game in his needs.
You can also set by means of positive reinforcement limits - but that in turn has its limits:): D - Ute showed this with the help of an example: Linux and Kimi (their dogs are not) jump into the high grass, seeking a real borders (land transfer ) legislation. Has built up the Ute with a combination of positive reinforcement and habit. While Linux has so accepted and well-behaved as expected in the video the click, Kimi had to practice here in the building are taken on the line and minutes are boring ...:) In some dogs can be so negative punishment may be necessary. Also here must not forget: this is always announced!
the dog show that he has accepted the limit, it is rewarded in any case. The lack of punishment may be theoretically sufficient - in practice it is not! This environment provides too much!
Where is the boundary of positive reinforcement is depends mainly on the motivation of the dog ("Will"). Reward improvement varied in each case the motivation.
course, it seems a simple and therefore very seductive way of threat and discomfort to "work" of the dog, because the motivation of every living being, to get to safety, is enormous (and thus improved the "Will"). also has this form of "working" for the people the advantage that he is not having to think about the motivation of the dog or reward systems.
Ute called 'the few possibilities of negative punishment they certainly applies in these cases: the body language exposure (the threat of distance below, for example), body language sturgeon (push away dog [just those never strange!!] arise between them) and Leinenzug (not to be confused with line jerk - Example: It is a distraction and takes away from the dog on a leash "with").
Here is the important rule: threatening, unpleasant, disturbing activities must be announced! The dog needs to get a warning so that it has appropriate action. Warning signs also help secure, boundaries - Announcements rich then cancel if necessary behavior.
And so we were "already" at the end! :) Ute summed together again the most important thing
limits are backing up rules. Rules must be reasonable and must not contradict the biology of the dog, when they do need to create satisfactory alternatives be. Rules may not unnecessarily (as to reconsider the things in the relationship!). The dog has to meet its needs within the boundaries. The construction of boundaries through management can happen, the formation of habits, behavior disruption and behavioral inhibition. Behavioral inhibition is nothing more than punishment. The rules of the penalty should be strictly adhered to, securing and maintaining the boundaries so established shall be difficult.
limits can only reasonably be developed through positive reinforcement. Threatening and disruptive elements (Körpersprache!) make boundaries clear. Limits should be used sparingly and consistently, because they do need to persevere to the end. Condition is therefore that one should know well the dog - dogs care or admissions should therefore better place no such limits!
A very successful evening: Exciting and food for thought. :) So it should be! - again and again.
0 comments:
Post a Comment